求助 美国四分制标准原文

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急寻美国四分制标准原文

品质管理

美纺织四分制与十分制检验标准
一、AATCC检验及抽样标准：
AATCC standard of Test and Sample
1． 抽样数量：总码数的平方根乘以八.
Sample qultity: 8*the square root of total yard qualtity
2．抽箱数：总箱数的平方根.
Carton quatity: the square root of total carton qualtity
二．四分制检验：
Four Point System
1．１＂－３＂扣１分 1 point deducted　　　　　
   ３＂－６＂扣２分 2 point deducted
  ６＂－９＂扣３分 3 point deducted　　　　
  ９＂以上扣４分 4 point deducted
２．疵点的评分原则：
The grade principle on defect:
Ａ，同一码中所有经纬向的疵点扣分不超过4分．
the total deduction can not surpass 4 point on all warp and weft in the same yard.
Ｂ，破洞不问大小扣４分．
The deduction shall be 4 point on the broken hole.
Ｃ，布边一英寸内不扣分．
It is not deducted for edge in one inch.
Ｄ，连续性疵点须开裁或降等外品．
The fabric with continuous defect should be cutted out or degraded.
E ，任何大于针孔的洞均扣4分。
The deduction shall be 4 point on the hole bigger than pinhole
F，无论经向或纬向，无论何病疵，都以看得见为原则，并按疵点评分给予正确扣分．
No matter whether on weft or warp,na matter waht defect,all is due to the appearance found and correct deduction according to the defects.
G，除了特殊规定（比如涂层上胶布），通常只需检验布的正面。
Except the special instrction(like coated fabric),it is only to check the face side of fabric.
３．等级计算方法有两种：
Two methods of grade counting
Ａ，以线长度为基准计算：
Counting on the base of thread length
１００Ｍ扣分不超过５０分为Ａ级（为可接受范围）．
The total deduction within 50 points per 100 meter is graded as A(accepted).
１００Ｍ扣分超过５０分为Ｂ级．（为不可接受范围）.
The total deduction over 50 points per 100 meter is graded as B(unaccepted).
Ｂ，以平方码为基准计算：
Counting on the base of square yard
每百平方码四十分(为可接受范围)
The total deduction within 40 points per 100 square yard is accepted.
总疵点评分＊3600
The total grade points*3600
被查布匹实际长度＊实际布匹门幅(英寸)
the tested fabric length*the width of fabric(inch)
拒收标准：Ａ，一匹布疵点评分超过四十分．
unaccepted: A:the total deduction of one roller surpass 40 points.
　　　　　Ｂ，整匹大货的标准疵点超过２０分．
B:the total deduction of bulk fabric on standarded defects surpass 20 points.
　　　　　Ｃ，疵点连续出现在三米或以上，不论疵点评分多少．
C:the continuous defects appeared than 3 meter or more no matter how much the deduction.

品质管理

三、十分制检验：
the 10 points inspection system
1．经向疵点扣分法:
the warp defect deduction
1”以下扣1分　 1 point deducted　
1”——5”扣3分 3 point deducted　
5”——10”扣5分　5point deducted　　
10”——36”之间扣10分 10 point deducted　

纬向扣分法:
the weft defect deduction
1”以下扣1分　　　1 point deducted　
1”——5”扣3分 3 point deducted　
5”——半门幅之间扣5分 5point deducted　
半门幅以上上扣10分　10 point deducted　
疵点的评分原则：
The grade principle on defect:
A：同一码中所有经纬向的疵点扣分不超过10分．
the total deduction can not surpass 10 point on all warp and weft in the same yard.
Ｂ，破洞不问大小扣10分．
The deduction shall be 4 point on the broken hole.
Ｃ，布边半英寸内不扣分．
It is not deducted for edge in half inch.
Ｄ，连续性疵点须开裁或降等外品．
The fabric with continuous defect should be cutted out or degraded.
E ，任何大于针孔的洞均扣10分。
The deduction shall be 10 point on the hole bigger than pinhole
F，无论经向或纬向，无论何病疵，都以看得见为原则，并按疵点评分给予正确扣分．
No matter whether on weft or warp,na matter waht defect,all is due to the appearance found and correct deduction according to the defects.
G，除了特殊规定（比如涂层上胶布），通常只需检验布的正面。
Except the special instrction(like coated fabric),it is only to check the face side of fabric.
四，等级计算方法：
Two methods of grade counting
1．可接受范围=总分数小于总码数
The accepted scope=the total points less than the yarn count
2. 百码扣分不得超过一百分
The total deduction per 100 yarn less than 10 points.

品质管理

Fabric Inspection System.

Fabric inspection and QC is one of the major areas in textile and garment sector. To establish a workable system for inspecting and evaluating piece goods shipments is vital. No single accepted system for measuring the quality of fabrics, but some of the more commonly used systems are described in this section.
We recommend a minimum of 10% inspection of fabrics prior to spreading. Some are intending to inspect the goods while spreading. However this is unrealistic and the spreaders are not the QC.

1-Ten-Point System
In 1955, the Ten-Point System for piece goods evaluation was approved and adopted by the Textile Distributor's Institute and National Federation of Textiles. This system assigns penalty points to each defect, depending on its length. The Ten-Point System is somewhat complicated because points-per-length vary for warp and filling defects. Table blow shows a breakdown of the points:
Table 1 - Ten-Point System

Warp Defects Penalty Filling Defects Penalty
10-36 inches 10 points Full width 10 points
5-10 inches 5 points 5 inches - 1/2 the width of goods 5 points
1-5 inches 3 points 1-5 inches 3 points
Up to 1 inch 1 point

Under the Ten-Point System, a piece is graded a "first" if the total penalty points do not exceed the total yardage of the piece. A piece is graded a "second" if the total penalty points exceed the total yardage of the piece.

2- Four-Point System

The Four-Point System has received the widest acceptance in both the textile and needle trades because it is the most lenient. It is simple and easy to understand. Since it is the most widely used?

2.1- Amount to Inspect - Inspect at least 10% of the total rolls in the shipment.

2.2- Selection of Rolls Select at least one roll of each color. If more than one roll per color must be inspected, then select the number of additional rolls in proportion to the total rolls per color received.

2-3 Defect Classification The Four-Point System classifies defects as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Four-Point System
Size of Defect Penalty
3 inches or less 1 point
Over 3, but not over 6 inches 2 points
Over 6, but not over 9 inches 3 points
Over 9 inches 4 points

A maximum of four points is charged to one linear yard.

The length of the defect is used to determine the penalty point. Only major defects are considered. (A major defect is any defect that, if found in a finished garment, would classify that garment as a second.) No penalty points are recorded or assigned for minor defects.

Major defects are classified as follows:

- Major woven fabric defects are slubs, hole, missing yarn, conspicuous yarn variation, end out, soiled yarn, wrong yarn.
- Major knitted fabric defects are mixed yarn, yarn variation, runner, needle line, barre, slub, hole, and press off.
- Major dye or printing defects are out of register, dye spots, machine stop, color out, color smear, or shading.
- Suppliers using the Four-Point System should obtain examples of major defects and minor defects, and make them available as visual aids for the Inspectors.

2.4- Acceptance Point - Count Most suppliers use 40 points per 100 yards as the acceptable defect rate. However, you should establish your acceptance point-count based on your product and its end use.

2.5- Acceptance Criteria - There are two methods of determining whether a shipment is acceptable. You must decide which method will fit your product. The methods available are as follows:


One method of acceptance uses a projection of total defects based on the number of defects found during inspection of a sample. Here is an example using this method:

Total yardage received: 2,400 yards
Acceptance point-count: 40 per 100 yards
Total yards inspected: 240 yards
Total penalty points found in the sample inspection: 148 points
148 / 240 X 100 = 61.7 points per 100 yards.
(Allowance is 40 points per 100 yards.)
Action: Shipment would fail.
A second method is acceptance of 10% bad rolls.
Here is an example of the method:
Total yardage received: 2,400 yards
Acceptance point count: 40 per 100 yards
Total yards inspected: 7 (10 % rolls)
Number of rolls rejected: 2
2 / 7 = 29% rolls rejected.
Action: As 29% of rolls inspected were rejected, the shipment would be held for a decision.
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You must decide whether to reject the entire shipment and return it to the piece goods source, or whether to 100% inspect the balance of the rolls. Management must make this decision; do not leave such decisions to the Inspector or Quality Control Supervisor. If you need production from the good rolls, it may be to your advantage to 100% inspect.

2.6- Inspection Procedure This procedure shows the steps necessary to ensure an effective piece goods quality control program:

* Determine the amount to inspect,

* Select the rolls to inspect,

* Put the rolls on the inspection machine or other viewing device,

Cut off a 6-inch piece across the width of the goods. Mark this piece so that the Inspector will know the right and left sides of the fabric. Use the strip to check for shading side-to-side and end-to-end by checking it at least once against the middle of the roll and once at the other end,

? Inspect for visual defects at a speed slow enough to find the defects,

? Check that the roll contains the yardage as stated by the piece goods source,
? Check for skewed, biased, and bowed fabric. Predetermine the tolerance you will allow; this will depend on your product.

? Example: Width of Fabric Tolerance
(In Inches) (In Inches)
45-50 1
50-60 1 1/2

Weigh the roll of fabric to determine yield: Yards/Weight = Yield

Example:
Weight of roll = 35 pounds
Yards in roll = 59.5 yards
59.5 / 35 = 1.70 yield.

If major defects are not cut out of the fabric by the Inspector, mark them on the selvage (for example with colored threads). Should you later want to review the defects with the piece goods representative, the defects can be easily located on the inspection machine. In addition, the defects can be easily noted by the Spreader so that they can be cut out.

Record the defects on a report form. (See the suggested Piece Goods Quality Control Inspection Report form on the following page. Please note that this is only a suggested report form. Since report forms can require a variety of detailed information, make sure that your report form contains all the information you need. The original version of our suggested form is enclosed at the back of this manual for duplication purposes.)

Do not require data on the form that you will not use. Recording data is a labor cost, so keep your form simple.

2.7- Possible Considerations for Rejection In addition to excessive defects, the following are common reasons for rejecting fabric rolls:

No roll with a length of less than 25 yards should be accepted as first quality. You may want to specify this on your purchase order.

No roll containing more than one splice should be accepted as first quality.

No roll containing a splice part less than XX* yards should be accepted as first quality. (You may not want to receive rolls with a splice near the beginning or end of the roll.)

品质管理

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