Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途

5 C" V3 f0 z7 Y0 V! [# t! o# TAlkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
- y4 G- `/ M, _- O  ^are good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
! O/ ~- M" I2 X/ ]: isuch as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
also used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
In particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
7 Z5 Z5 W- R5 z2 Rauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
textile wet processing.
烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
* i" h8 F4 I$ w, h$ N中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
7 S  B$ B& n8 C, z; _! s滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
4 r+ g* Q1 C( h: y' r6 Y% w在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
* S8 }7 @! p1 l/ n0 @的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。

2.What are the problems? 相關問題
1 m0 }3 X* K( N+ y) `3 K
Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
! N  p& U1 r* ^% p/ R  b$ Yand can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
* }4 d& }8 Q, t8 O% Mand populations are in danger of shrinking.
) ?7 f+ {& `0 ]% R" c由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
! D3 d# m% X7 [, U+ D- H2 I魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。
6 }7 L, ^; \4 h; D
' c" ~# a$ q+ q; y# Q  E3.What are the measures? 相關措施
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Within the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
$ A" E0 u9 m( N0 f/ j0 rbelow:
1 V' Y: J9 X5 M9 g$ Z- s9 R. `; CBy 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
( C0 V5 w2 v2 a! g) c1 Lauthorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
: @( X) m% N( q/ vconcentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
7 X. M* g: H9 T5 q• domestic cleaning;
) }& g$ h, }+ Q4 `7 {• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
- Q/ Q; I. B' k4 f4 v7 Y( I• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
+ t7 s6 {, U( c4 D- ~+ }0 S• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
4 Q8 T7 i  H# ~) J- l. v* |• cosmetic products;
0 n4 m1 P' b9 M# ~, y: }+ l3 p& u  }( ?• other personal care products except spermicides;
; I! T( N8 P# G7 M6 Z  @  |• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
. e6 Y8 ^. a# f" e8 s從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
; y0 ^$ ?! [9 \! t) v4 Z• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 家庭清潔；
3 P1 o: s8 v1 w7 E& Q0 U4 g• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
, Z  A7 H; g& L6 t5 B" b0 u• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 紙漿和造紙加工；
• 化妝品；
• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
8 ~! P( w. T, U9 }% \( w• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
来源：STC 李昊鹏