Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途

7 N; u  J: W5 R+ P! L; h6 v) wAlkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
3 T5 Z; Q; P2 \1 Bare good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
" A5 G  M# I) I( P  asuch as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
! ]( C4 ^4 y% E& M3 e+ G; h0 Yalso used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
* ]7 e; X7 k& e0 Q! GIn particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
( _1 U5 Q  i) [. m( wauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
textile wet processing.
烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
) B* m7 \) T6 l& G! `( J中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
0 K# e) \& P' N' o& S& J2 W8 s滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
/ o5 c9 ~) B7 T& ~" p在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
7 Z% w- _+ [. r7 Y屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。
$ I- f2 f7 u$ T: `% |% v% `9 i# ^
" E* g3 {) w1 w  K2.What are the problems? 相關問題
2 K) C" c% I1 ?8 v3 d
Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
8 ~% k5 [# \! Z2 z/ Z- ]to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
, U- Z( P5 d3 c1 aand can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
* n# C" r2 ~$ ~# Q: }, pand populations are in danger of shrinking.
8 \4 k9 y( q. u( }9 ~8 @5 C+ ~由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
0 y% W. v  f7 I6 o2 F" f/ e/ b7 B中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。

3.What are the measures? 相關措施
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Within the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
below:
By 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
- Q# `4 p3 l9 }: Kauthorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
concentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
• domestic cleaning;
* o( o& r7 U" o3 J• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
9 T6 Q+ P* l% I  ]( s9 L2 S1 R$ j1 hto remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
. R; u2 T% x' B. j• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
" N4 E7 h: Y4 u. B2 c$ `• cosmetic products;
• other personal care products except spermicides;
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
& J' I7 P5 Q+ G: [# i2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
8 |* T" {: w8 R7 o: j（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
! C; H( V% |; y' ?+ Y. k1 k• 家庭清潔；
• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 紙漿和造紙加工；
" ?5 o9 j7 X0 P5 A% i) j! ~* r• 化妝品；
( ?; b9 K; A6 Q$ H• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
4 c+ |! o- a$ y8 T. g/ ?• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
来源：STC 李昊鹏