Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途

6 e( \1 x9 d: `, J# uAlkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
! ^; L% w4 F2 M% [5 Fare good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
, `. E5 r& D7 w; m2 Dsuch as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
' F3 x2 a# G/ [5 W6 Z" Balso used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
In particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
8 W; ^& |$ q' V5 U2 Fauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
textile wet processing.
6 n8 M" N5 Q0 m& ^2 V烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
: `4 `" t% ~4 U! j; \; d在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
# d9 p. f+ o- S' x- c屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。
) u. f! r5 Y* b/ m5 I+ T5 S, T8 K  X
2.What are the problems? 相關問題
( y& |+ z2 U% }9 s- G% q
8 s7 l; I6 X9 m0 _1 F& n# bSince APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
" G. U. E4 d7 i/ M% |and can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
and populations are in danger of shrinking.
由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。

3.What are the measures? 相關措施

: p* m  ]6 z) b2 vWithin the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
below:
By 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
authorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
  e% b* \  c8 hconcentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
0 t* c) r; b, o9 v8 v• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
3 c" k, e* z) Z- o/ }• domestic cleaning;
$ ?$ k: z3 N1 H# A2 Y/ p• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
5 f1 N% C% D. U8 {! j. M5 ]• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
8 }4 c# J, Y% Y2 a9 ?: F• cosmetic products;
& V5 s0 h6 h8 n& p) h  e& |• other personal care products except spermicides;
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
/ |! p& P. c& Z# K. q7 B# s8 W6 s2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
: y5 N/ j- n8 w- L' _從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
% w) Y" _% s+ H8 c% c• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 家庭清潔；
• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
: @  T3 k# j: A( m; g8 X; F* g  a2 k• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
7 t0 y4 Q7 `8 y' ^- k• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 紙漿和造紙加工；
5 O8 k3 f/ m$ V9 l# a• 化妝品；
• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
) n, k3 ~1 g; ?3 I% I• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
来源：STC 李昊鹏