Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途
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Alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
5 S3 m2 D: D& E& s' l- ^are good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
) N! C( C3 M& i+ o6 i5 R8 O- msuch as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
6 M( [3 |- U7 O3 R" G7 malso used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
In particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
  B/ z, e% C7 K( Rauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
! z2 T+ i/ o4 t$ \0 G) E, Mtextile wet processing.
烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
" K: D6 J- S2 }0 z3 k中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
1 v; X: Z1 L# Y9 s- @/ G( s( F; O滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
8 y8 g0 b9 z$ t& \% n  f的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。

, i# U6 W$ y: O" Z# S4 c: p2.What are the problems? 相關問題

Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
" x8 a/ s% `! [! oto the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
and can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
and populations are in danger of shrinking.
5 \( w2 p+ ]4 W7 m9 ^6 D. u! A由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
3 A4 r& G+ v( b9 S魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。

3.What are the measures? 相關措施
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, K+ y, |1 Z# y; lWithin the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
8 k$ O  J' G( g1 }7 abelow:
- e; l+ Q( J2 l' SBy 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
, r) `& z/ x! Aauthorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
5 \. t, Y4 U5 |concentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
2 a* H$ @$ T0 y: g  d• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
• domestic cleaning;
6 ^5 N: w9 \6 _) |: ]* T: r• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
0 C9 a0 S- v% O5 O1 ]• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
4 y# R5 L" h: @, b+ m, q2 u# I• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
; p& l% Q! U& [' u7 K5 Z4 I• cosmetic products;
+ u: A6 H  s( W  F# K• other personal care products except spermicides;
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
, M" z" X  K2 e# t2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
* ]9 J4 K& \# g$ w4 i基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 家庭清潔；
9 c# n; H1 p# S; F) I8 }/ W• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
/ t. u9 D1 z+ ^  q( ~& @• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
! W" I/ a7 F, S. w1 c• 紙漿和造紙加工；
6 \* ?  l0 i* t. B1 i; q% O/ C* o• 化妝品；
• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
7 S$ j- o- ^( r) ~( p3 ^3 [6 W% b来源：STC 李昊鹏