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[化学分析] Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

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发表于 2009-3-6 14:13:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1.What are they used for? 相關用途
; M0 V, _2 M9 J3 i7 u4 b$ ~5 s) `# D# k" S; {
Alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They , w  J/ t5 ~; K. P5 @+ E
are good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems 2 a# J3 X+ ^& p% v" S
such as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are 7 }& p% V2 Y5 _% u/ m
also used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
' F/ I' o" j" P# H0 W( U1 e* @In particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent 3 O- |! z. t3 p1 j
auxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
. j  J1 o" `) ~7 i+ |& C5 o8 Etextile wet processing.
, Y: w- x8 b! P2 n+ _) R, `* b! ~烷基酚(APs)和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)在不同工業中常用作輔助化學 ' ?0 C# c  u/ m& X
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑,因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程 : T4 N8 {4 D$ W- |( o  }; S4 J
中,如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗 - e# ?9 a& u$ I" N
滌劑中,以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
" P# V" o/ u5 E$ a在紡織品的濕處理過程中,壬基酚(NP)和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs)(分別
9 ^0 k, k. i! }屬於烷基酚(APs)族和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)族),主要被用作洗滌劑 0 I( T* a  L" I: ?- |) D' L3 I( l
的助劑,在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中,用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。
" v- O" W0 b5 S# X: J9 U( ^- o: E
2.What are the problems? 相關問題
1 y5 `6 m% x4 W/ d* X% S. V) _' {' r) o5 {0 ?/ M$ j. L0 l
Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released 8 [: V+ ?4 Q8 @& Q
to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
: l7 Z7 [5 s. fand can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced 1 I; ^" F- M4 f/ @+ L7 Q
and populations are in danger of shrinking. 9 z6 ?. h3 M. C2 X+ O! G
由於烷基酚(APs)和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)是不能被生物降解的,因此,當它們被排放或釋放到環境 * f; c/ a, Q8 X% d! ?+ M
中時,便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說,他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者,能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是 , I" n/ b3 X: y
魚的生產力或繁殖率下降,從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。
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3 a6 Z; `1 W0 ?- _( p" d! H; T3.What are the measures? 相關措施 3 v3 f5 f3 d& l, y) z6 I

0 _: t6 x' Z, P1 @Within the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC , [! @! j9 C8 h0 y" @8 U
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
6 x, X5 M& z. p# e8 I* Abelow: 7 d$ z4 w6 \' L  }' I( s/ j
By 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national 3 }) M. }5 f4 K: @
authorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
- S! k+ \! J0 C7 g) T* ~concentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
# _* H* K7 [  i: v+ x* {- G• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated; / G2 ^8 W. e3 u# a
• domestic cleaning;
3 G6 _+ G( c, f" n7 c5 u• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
  P- ]0 G# j6 d% {: w+ @to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
- S' f. D- @; \9 O• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips; / @7 u2 l# \1 Q2 G
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated; $ [1 ^" @  E6 m/ p7 Y9 z, l: n' ]
• manufacturing of pulp and paper; - o8 S' |$ l0 f9 C2 n) v
• cosmetic products;
8 J: e% B8 W, V7 Y! I• other personal care products except spermicides; ; i; x: _2 {/ `. p# U# t% Q3 q
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
2 v% _8 o; q1 k+ {4 q2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中,該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚 6 R, d* H, o4 c! p, n
(NP)和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs),概述如下: * ^; }& f" g2 Z/ m
從2005 年1 月17 日起,除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外,用於下列目的壬
  R: q8 }; m1 E9 `* R基酚(NP )和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs )的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% (相當於1,000ppm ):
! Z" k9 w9 `9 F! y: ~• 工業和公共清潔,備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外; ; P: P, i- i3 k
• 家庭清潔;
% \. K- G0 x. l• 紡織品和皮革加工,不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外;
% c$ J( X: S% C# G. H2 ]• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑; 7 @2 j5 r( I  i6 A$ N+ E, e# M
• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外; 3 T/ R( K7 ~% n9 y
• 紙漿和造紙加工;
' o) w+ A3 _( m2 M4 V* g4 S• 化妝品;
: }0 f" D  V# m' A! Y% d• 其他個人護理用品,殺精劑除外; $ A  [, O6 O7 B' K
• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。 ) [5 r7 p; N" r6 q" \8 @+ w
来源:STC 李昊鹏
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