Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途
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Alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
* i/ f& h4 o2 [: p# Kare good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
6 m3 n3 H$ ^4 |( V% r' _such as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
7 q: O' M; e- b$ j% {also used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
7 k0 d# J  c$ l, K& |3 s: W) j. ]In particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
6 A5 k$ D3 I2 z$ n$ vauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
5 r( @9 z7 K! Q8 \& p4 [textile wet processing.
烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
1 I1 w# d  o, C% Q& Z# ^3 h劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
0 a0 _" }$ e, T4 N在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
3 d# t% O2 C2 x+ v& v屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。
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2.What are the problems? 相關問題
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4 l& O: U" r5 h8 i. s6 e1 vSince APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
% p3 g! z5 W$ [% ~. ~and can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
& G/ m. v  q8 \! I' r8 o" C- qand populations are in danger of shrinking.
由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
: s- R6 j) h3 U魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。

3.What are the measures? 相關措施

Within the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
2 B4 V7 ~: W- U, J( N1 zrestrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
below:
  ^6 W, p6 v' d( D: wBy 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
authorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
: B, k  t% }. f& _/ g5 Uconcentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
3 {4 t! L: o6 e) ~$ A• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
• domestic cleaning;
• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
$ A. v9 i8 Y. l  M# C• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
& O2 g0 [2 |7 h• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
; {; Q! T* r9 }8 U8 j• cosmetic products;
• other personal care products except spermicides;
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
  E  a( l' X% p2 ^+ t（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
3 i" e& r. M' r1 W# t基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
* }& z  [6 q3 \& {+ J2 F' e• 家庭清潔；
• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
( d* Z( |, W1 o+ ?# H( r( P2 Y• 紙漿和造紙加工；
• 化妝品；
• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
6 m0 O5 d( e! k) i$ b• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
' X$ \, y5 Z8 t/ A  |, P0 u来源：STC 李昊鹏