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[化学分析] Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

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发表于 2009-3-6 14:13:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1.What are they used for? 相關用途 # n6 V# N1 }, w% N; k
# v$ J( R) t# Y' B; F+ Y6 k# ~% ]
Alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They + G" B1 l( ~9 [- s7 ?
are good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems " p! S6 B1 @( U
such as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are " J# |& B" P( X% ]
also used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
% `' E! f" i1 W% R% L. BIn particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
9 U! T! m; X! d2 N: v8 S- w; a) gauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in ) j0 V8 g: [4 y3 ~2 ^1 B- o% r4 x
textile wet processing. 3 T2 S+ l. ^1 ^4 g3 _4 f% y7 q1 c
烷基酚(APs)和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)在不同工業中常用作輔助化學 7 B7 \: l# a, y% O: F
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑,因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程 - B0 I; \$ i5 M  r; Y% S4 z
中,如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
7 k8 v, ?3 W; Y7 S滌劑中,以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
2 H" C! |1 p- U. p/ R9 i2 j在紡織品的濕處理過程中,壬基酚(NP)和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs)(分別
2 s' L1 v5 a: T, x" {, K屬於烷基酚(APs)族和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)族),主要被用作洗滌劑 ; Y# Q0 L4 E. m( n* z, O: i
的助劑,在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中,用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。 9 S/ ]1 _) B( t4 N: l# M; q
2 C/ E' s3 Y7 ~; W* ^2 B7 E/ v
2.What are the problems? 相關問題 0 I/ b3 h/ v0 X/ Z4 h

, i, h& `  a- @5 e- ?  G- M6 F6 ~Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released - ^: l- V/ |) s2 O9 u: e" N) g. J
to the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment + |9 k! b4 i+ P% O0 `; [9 ^8 V; z
and can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced 0 [4 n/ L8 `1 q# f0 A2 q
and populations are in danger of shrinking. ) R' x$ L* z& q. j1 Z' ]
由於烷基酚(APs)和烷基酚乙氧基化物(APEOs)是不能被生物降解的,因此,當它們被排放或釋放到環境 3 ]& q& `1 @2 i$ j/ W, \; }7 z
中時,便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說,他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者,能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
6 Z* T. f* Q+ b- w% H7 B魚的生產力或繁殖率下降,從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。
% E& c' z0 F, p3 A; |" g7 h: ~
' X+ f5 y' K! }# y; Y8 B3.What are the measures? 相關措施 $ s( [# o" s4 M# n
* o# f9 v8 _2 [$ _5 D  g" M- L( g0 t/ R- r
Within the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC ! r, `1 L' \5 [' u  w5 f; E( X
restrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as / B" f$ ~' r4 ~; _7 e
below: 0 j7 a- p; R4 |
By 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
, n# d- v0 r1 A# pauthorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
; S3 U  ^- h0 q/ }! Mconcentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
3 V5 Z4 U% ~- t2 |• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
, l2 ]7 S; {% U$ |, L8 h$ W• domestic cleaning;
& H( B! I1 d+ n, q4 y• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments 0 Y5 K% P! z' {1 r% {7 s+ D
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
2 c1 c0 R4 _$ k) c- }9 u" F0 n• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips; " B9 j4 T' S: _, B
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
" H6 o% B0 x4 G! O• manufacturing of pulp and paper; 5 Q/ y, w7 y% C# i) o! q
• cosmetic products;
' q7 r* v6 L7 Z6 ]8 H# f• other personal care products except spermicides; : n. f7 O( [) f7 a# L! w
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
( J9 p0 J+ l6 `1 v' a  J% |2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中,該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
+ C( T  x, n3 _$ F0 a(NP)和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs),概述如下:
" K, l; G( L8 U" Z4 P$ P$ u) R從2005 年1 月17 日起,除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外,用於下列目的壬
9 J. _9 ?$ A: T5 ^8 [$ u基酚(NP )和壬基酚乙氧基化物(NPEOs )的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% (相當於1,000ppm ): 7 x* e5 ?4 U- r7 J. m
• 工業和公共清潔,備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外; : ?* l" @- q7 l% \# u5 i; y' F5 u/ ?% _
• 家庭清潔; 4 C- t7 m8 J( g6 A8 ^; p
• 紡織品和皮革加工,不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外;
- @3 Y' s8 c7 b• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑; * r9 O: B6 d: c8 {" t0 p
• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外;
3 N9 i( }; J) ?# I/ E& H. j. L• 紙漿和造紙加工;
1 b# w, \5 m4 O, R* L! h" w% h9 F• 化妝品;
8 i) b, \$ X7 u: t3 A- w8 c• 其他個人護理用品,殺精劑除外; % v! H( I& C8 \# z
• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
. X- ^0 q* p  V1 G# V& \; i来源:STC 李昊鹏
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