Restriction on Nonylphenol & NPEOs in Textiles

李新

1.What are they used for? 相關用途
0 C# ^  r0 ]0 U
6 I! o9 \$ e! q, e" D) HAlkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are auxiliary chemicals used in different industries. They
9 C3 C- U5 @4 ^1 P) b% Lare good emulsifiers and wetting agents and thus have been used widely in different industrial cleaning systems
# Y! S2 u* i( c3 r, W1 |9 W5 C& K. {such as textile and leather processing, pulp and paper manufacturing, metal working, and agriculture. They are
5 N- d9 ~, ?1 C7 R' V' r9 |/ ^also used as domestic cleaning agents and co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
( X) R3 U4 u9 ]/ F5 p" b4 ?- l$ UIn particular, NP and NPEO (under the family of APs and APEOs respectively) are extensively used as detergent
) ?- y. l" \. lauxiliaries in scouring and bleaching process of fibres for removing the fibres impurities such as wax, seed, etc in
2 e; w- S' K) k! z. j$ t: jtextile wet processing.
- }/ e) _8 g- n+ U烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）在不同工業中常用作輔助化學
劑。它們是良好的乳化劑和潤濕劑，因此它們被廣泛地用於不同的工業洗滌過程
中，如紡織和皮革加工、紙漿和造紙加工、金工和農業等。它們亦會用於家庭洗
滌劑中，以及殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
8 `6 r' V# L6 `( x: F1 T- @8 _* \; ?在紡織品的濕處理過程中，壬基酚（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）（分別
屬於烷基酚（APs）族和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）族），主要被用作洗滌劑
* ^! P, W  g3 n" f7 d& c# S的助劑，在纖維的清洗及漂白過程中，用以去除如蠟、籽屑等雜物。
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4 k+ D  y" y9 f/ q5 L2.What are the problems? 相關問題

Since APs and APEOs are non-biodegradable, they cause severe environmental problems when they are released
8 u7 Y' p6 Z7 W* wto the environment as discharges or emissions. They are potent endocrine disrupters to the aquatic environment
and can cause feminisation in male fish. As a result, the fertility or reproductive capability of the fish is reduced
and populations are in danger of shrinking.
由於烷基酚（APs）和烷基酚乙氧基化物（APEOs）是不能被生物降解的，因此，當它們被排放或釋放到環境
中時，便會引發嚴重的環境問題。對水質生態來說，他們是烈性的內分泌破壞者，能導致雄魚雌性化。結果是
& O# f( h% {6 H( e魚的生產力或繁殖率下降，從而使魚的種群有減少的危機。

3.What are the measures? 相關措施

0 Y* b, T+ X! WWithin the Directive 2003/53/EC published on 18 June 2003, it was added to the Directive 76/769/EEC
5 i* }; @0 t- N% F7 k* erestrictions on the marketing and use of the nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) summarized as
+ u! E% v- M; Q+ a6 M/ Xbelow:
) {8 ^& _! q: i! J* uBy 17 January 2005, except for pesticides or biocides which have been granted by existing national
7 c% h0 ?2 A1 x& z! g1 ?, ?authorizations the use of NPEOs as a co-formulant, nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylate may not be used in
9 W' @- B( a4 b, W2 {concentrations equal or higher than 0.1% (equivalent to 1,000ppm) by mass for the following purposes:
4 z4 q; d6 K) [9 A" h; t0 A, K2 i• industrial and institutional cleaning except those systems where the washing liquid is recycled or incinerated;
$ O2 [4 p; c: |! V# [• domestic cleaning;
• textiles and leather processing except those without release into waste water or those with special treatments
to remove the organic fraction completely prior to the release;
• emulsifier in agricultural teat dips;
• metal working except those systems where the washing liquid isrecycled or incinerated;
" f9 N/ O! B7 Q& \8 g* k, P6 {• manufacturing of pulp and paper;
, r! }. O8 ]9 g2 e( C. j9 [5 N• cosmetic products;
5 W- o) ^) w. Q• other personal care products except spermicides;
• co-formulants in pesticides and biocides.
2003年6月18日發佈的2003/53/EC指令已經加進76/769/EEC指令中，該指令限制銷售和使用壬基酚
. S1 G- c7 Y! z. J# J' p6 E（NP）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs），概述如下：
% F1 s% ?( r) q從2005 年1 月17 日起，除了已被國家授權准予使用NPEOs 作為處方的殺蟲劑和除生物劑外，用於下列目的壬
! H( k% @; i& ~7 u0 w$ q% q基酚（NP ）和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPEOs ）的質量比濃度不可等於或高於0.1% （相當於1,000ppm ）：
• 工業和公共清潔，備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
• 家庭清潔；
) s5 L" ?  T. L* `( E% c" G• 紡織品和皮革加工，不排放到廢水或在排放前經過特殊處理而完全除去了有機物的除外；
• 農用乳頭消毒液的乳化劑；
* C  d6 y$ i; s) M• 金工, 備有洗滌液再循環或焚化的系統除外；
* z& i% W3 D+ W1 E  |• 紙漿和造紙加工；
• 化妝品；
( }/ Y1 j+ P7 ^6 s7 y• 其他個人護理用品，殺精劑除外；
• 殺蟲劑和除生物劑的處方。
# o( i5 c: L; `来源：STC 李昊鹏